Red Sanders

Red Sanders (scientific name: Pterocarpus santalinus) is a rare and valuable tree species native to the southern parts of India, mainly found in the tropical dry deciduous forests of Andhra Pradesh, particularly in the Seshachalam Hills of the Eastern Ghats.

 Description

Red Sanders is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree that grows up to 10–15 meters tall. Its heartwood (the inner wood) is deep red in color, which gives the tree its name. The wood is hard, durable, and richly colored, making it highly sought after for various purposes.

 Economic and Cultural Importance

The red-colored wood is used to make musical instruments, furniture, ornamental carvings, and traditional medicines. It is especially prized in East Asian countries like China and Japan, where it is used to make luxury furniture and temple artifacts. Because of its high market value, Red Sanders is sometimes called “Red Gold.”  Conservation Status Due to overexploitation and illegal logging, Red Sanders has become endangered. It is listed in Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), which restricts its international trade. In India, it is classified as an Endangered species on the IUCN Red List and is protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

 Illegal Trade and Challenges

Red Sanders is one of the most smuggled tree species in India. Smuggling networks illegally export the wood, often disguising it as other materials. Enforcement agencies regularly conduct operations to prevent illegal felling and trade, especially in Andhra Pradesh.

 Conservation Efforts

The Andhra Pradesh Forest Department and other agencies have launched plantation and protection programs. The Red Sanders Task Force was created to control smuggling and conserve the species. Efforts are also being made to promote sustainable cultivation and legal trade under strict monitoring.