Lactic Acid

About Lactic Acid

Type of compound: Lactic acid is an organic acid produced naturally by certain bacteria.

Chemical formula: C₃H₆O₃ Formation in the mouth: It is formed when oral bacteria (like Streptococcus mutans) break down sugars and carbohydrates from food.

Nature: It is a weak acid, but still strong enough to affect the tooth surface over time. How Lactic Acid Causes Tooth Decay When we eat sugary or starchy foods, bacteria in dental plaque feed on these sugars. The bacteria ferment the sugars and produce lactic acid as a by-product. Lactic acid lowers the pH in the mouth, often below 5.5, which is the critical pH for tooth enamel. At this low pH, calcium and phosphate minerals begin to dissolve out of the enamel, a process called demineralization.

Repeated acid attacks lead to weakening of enamel and the formation of cavities (dental caries). If not cleaned or neutralized by saliva, the acid continues to erode deeper layers of the tooth (dentin and pulp). Prevention Limit sugar intake, especially sticky or frequent snacks. Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste (fluoride helps remineralize enamel). Rinse mouth after eating sugary foods. Regular dental check-ups help detect early signs of decay.