Strait of Hormuz: A Vital Maritime Chokepoint
The Strait of Hormuz, a narrow channel connecting the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea, is one of the world’s most strategically significant waterways. It plays a critical role in global energy security and geopolitical stability.
Geographical Importance
Located between Iran (north) and the UAE and Oman (south), the strait is about 167 km long and narrows to just 33 km at its tightest point, with two 3 km-wide shipping lanes. It allows passage for large vessels despite its narrow width. Notable islands in the region include Hengam, Hormuz, Qishm, Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa.
Energy and Trade Significance
The Strait of Hormuz is the gateway for approximately 20-25% of the world’s oil supply and nearly 30% of global liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade. Crude oil from major OPEC members like Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and the UAE is shipped through this route. It is especially vital for oil-importing countries like India and those in Southeast Asia.
Geopolitical Tensions
Tensions often flare around the strait due to conflicts involving Iran, the US, and regional players. Iran recently strengthened its military presence on nearby disputed islands, increasing regional unease. The US Fifth Fleet, based in Bahrain, monitors maritime activity to ensure security.
Potential Consequences of Closure
Iran’s threat to close the strait raises concerns of global oil price hikes, possibly soaring to \$100–150 per barrel. Disruption in oil and LNG exports would affect economies worldwide. Iran’s naval capabilities, including submarines and naval mines, could enforce such a blockade.
Alternative Routes
Saudi Arabia and the UAE have built pipelines like the East-West and Abu Dhabi Crude Oil Pipelines to reduce dependence on the strait. However, their capacity remains limited.
Conclusion
The Strait of Hormuz is not just a maritime route—it is a critical lifeline for the global economy. Any disruption could have far-reaching consequences, making its stability a matter of international concern.