BUREVESTNIK (9M730) MISSILE
Introduction
• The 9M730 Burevestnik, meaning “storm petrel” in Russian, is a nuclear-powered, nuclear-armed cruise missile being developed by Russia.
• It was one of the six new strategic weapons unveiled by Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2018.
• NATO code name: SSC-X-9 Skyfall.
Key Features
• Type: Ground-launched, long-range, low-flying cruise missile.
• Propulsion:
• Powered by a small nuclear reactor that heats the incoming air to generate thrust.
• This allows it to fly for extremely long durations without the need for conventional fuel.
• Range: Claimed to have virtually unlimited range, theoretically allowing it to circle the globe.
• Payload: Capable of carrying a nuclear warhead.
• Flight profile:
• Designed to fly at very low altitudes, below radar coverage.
• Can maneuver unpredictably, making it harder to intercept.
• Speed: Subsonic (as per available information).
• Launch platform: Ground-based.
Recent Developments
• In October 2025, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that Russia had tested the Burevestnik missile, claiming a successful long-duration flight.
• Independent verification of the missile’s claimed performance is not available.
• Earlier tests (since 2018) reportedly faced failures and technical setbacks.
• A 2019 explosion at the Nyonoksa test site, which killed several scientists, was believed to be linked to tests of this missile’s nuclear propulsion system. Strategic Significance
• Extended Range: Can theoretically strike any target globally, bypassing traditional missile-defense systems.
• Unpredictable Trajectory: Ability to loiter and attack from unexpected directions.
• Deterrence Tool: Enhances Russia’s strategic deterrence posture by showcasing advanced nuclear delivery technology.
Concerns and Challenges
• Technical Feasibility: • Miniaturizing a safe and efficient nuclear reactor for a cruise missile is highly complex.
• Environmental & Safety Risks:
• Reactor-powered flight may release radioactive material into the atmosphere.
• The 2019 accident raised serious radiation safety concerns.
• Operational Risks:
• Subsonic speed increases vulnerability to modern air defenses.
• High cost and maintenance challenges.
• Arms Control Issues:
• Not covered under existing treaties like New START, creating arms race concerns.
The Burevestnik missile represents Russia’s attempt to develop a next-generation nuclear-powered cruise system with global reach and extended endurance. However, despite its claimed strategic advantages, the weapon faces serious doubts regarding technical reliability, environmental safety, and real-world combat effectiveness.