The Karkota dynasty
The Karkota dynasty was an important royal dynasty that ruled Kashmir (in present-day Jammu and Kashmir, India) roughly between the 7th and 9th centuries CE. It is considered one of the most powerful dynasties in the early medieval history of Kashmir. Origins
The dynasty was founded by Durlabhavardhana (c. 625 CE), a local nobleman who rose to power after the decline of the Gonanda dynasty.
The Karkotas traced their lineage to Nāga (serpent) traditions and local chieftains, symbolizing a blend of indigenous and royal legitimacy.The dynasty’s most famous and powerful ruler was Lalitaditya Muktapida (c. 724–760 CE).
Under him, the Karkota Empire expanded beyond Kashmir:
Defeated the Türk Shahis of Kabul.
Extended influence into Kannauj (North India) during the time of Emperor Yashovarman.
Had contacts and possibly conflicts with China (Tang dynasty) and Tibet.
His reign marked the peak of Kashmir’s political power in early medieval India.The Karkotas were Hindu rulers, mainly patrons of Shaivism (worship of Lord Shiva), but also supported Buddhism and other traditions.
Lalitaditya is credited with building magnificent temples and towns, including the famous Martand Sun Temple near Anantnag, which remains an architectural marvel despite being in ruins today.
They promoted art, architecture, and learning, contributing to Kashmir’s reputation as a center of Sanskrit scholarship.After Lalitaditya, the dynasty gradually weakened due to internal conflicts and invasions.
By the 9th century CE, the Karkotas were replaced by the Utpala dynasty, founded by Avantivarman (r. 855–883 CE).The Karkota dynasty represents a golden age of Kashmir—politically strong, culturally rich, and architecturally advanced.
They connected Kashmir with wider Central Asian and North Indian politics.
Their reign set the stage for later dynasties that continued to shape Kashmir’s identity.
Source: https://www.peepultree.world/livehistoryindia/story/people/karkotas?srsltid=AfmBOopvhun1GnROsrH8Ef-LaTniwe7fOm_E98bTFfTMxX82wwWSdA6e