LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3)

LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3) is a three-stage heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by ISRO.
Components:
•    First stage: Two solid S200 strap-on motors, fuelled by Hydroxyl-terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB).
•    Core stage (L110): Liquid stage powered by two Vikas engines, using UDMH and N₂O₄.
•    Upper stage (C25): Powered by indigenous CE-20 cryogenic engine, using Liquid Oxygen and Liquid Hydrogen.
Specifications:
•    Lift-off mass: 640 tonnes
•    Height: 43.5 m
•    Payload capacity: 8,000 kg to LEO; 4,200 kg to GTO
Major missions: Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, OneWeb (72 satellites), Blue Block-2.
Significance: Demonstrates ISRO’s heavy-launch capability, strengthening India’s role in commercial satellite launches.